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ความรู้ทั่วไปเกี่ยวกับ Maximum Power Point Tracking Solar Charge Controller

The Basics of Maximum Power Point Tracking Solar Charge Controller
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How to choose MPPT charge controller for PV panel and battery

Things to consider as follows:

  • SPT-XXYY (XX is nominal battery voltage, YY is maximum charge current)
  • Find out what is the nominal battery voltage that charge controller will charge, and select XX
  • Find out what is the Wp of PV panel and
    • Select the suitable charge current (CC) = (Wp) / XX
    • Find out YY by multiply CC by safety factor (NEC requirement) = (CC) x 1.2
    • Select the SOLARCON SPT-series model that cover YY value
  • Check that Vpm(system) is in the range that SPT-XXYY can handle (MPPT voltage range)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) x Panel in series
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel)
  • Check that Voc(system) is not more than SPT-XXYY range (Maximum open circuit voltage)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) x Panel in series
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel)
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Example 1

When the Kaneka CEA PV panels are used for a 108 Wp solar home system (See specifications of PV panels in table 1)

Figure 8 Example of choosing a MPPT charge controller for a 108 Wp solar home system
by using 2 panels of 54 Wp Kaneka CEA PV panels connected in parallel


Things to consider as follows:

  • SPT-XXYY (XX is nominal battery voltage, YY is maximum charge current)
  • Find out what is the nominal battery voltage that charge controller will charge, and select XX = 12
  • Find out what is the Wp of PV panel and
    • Select the suitable charge current (CC) = (108 Wp) / 12 = 9 A
    • Find out YY by multiply CC by safety factor (NEC requirement) = (9) x 1.2 = 10.8 A
    • Select the SOLARCON SPT-series model that cover YY value, SOLARCON SPT-1212
  • Check that Vpm(system) is in the range that SPT-XXYY can handle (MPPT voltage range)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) x Panel in series
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) = 62 Vdc
      (MPPT voltage range = 26-96 Vdc)
  • Check that Voc(system) is not more than SPT-XXYY range (Maximum open circuit voltage)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) x Panel in series
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) = 85 Vdc
      (Maximum open circuit voltage = 100 Vdc)
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Example 2

When the SHARP NE-H75A1 (type 1) or NE-80E1U (type 2) PV panels are used for a 150-160 Wp solar home system (See specifications of PV panels in table 1)

Figure 9 Example of choosing a MPPT charge controller for a 150-160 Wp solar home system
by using 2 panels of 75 Wp SHARP NE-H75A1 or 80 Wp SHARP NE-80E1U PV panels
connected in series


Type 1: Using the 75 Wp SHARP NE-H75A1 PV panels for a 150 Wp solar home system

Things to consider as follows:

  • SPT-XXYY (XX is nominal battery voltage, YY is maximum charge current)
  • Find out what is the nominal battery voltage that charge controller will charge, and select XX = 12
  • Find out what is the Wp of PV panel and
    • Select the suitable charge current (CC) = (150 Wp) / 12 = 12.5 A
    • Find out YY by multiply CC by safety factor (NEC requirement) = (12.5) x 1.2 = 15 A
    • Select the SOLARCON SPT-series model that cover YY value, SOLARCON SPT-1220
  • Check that Vpm(system) is in the range that SPT-XXYY can handle (MPPT voltage range)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) x Panel in series
      Vpm(system) = 16.4 x 2 = 32.8 Vdc
      (MPPT voltage range = 26-96 Vdc)
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel)
  • Check that Voc(system) is not more than SPT-XXYY range (Maximum open circuit voltage)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) x Panel in series
      Voc(system) = 21.2 x 2 = 42.4 Vdc
      (Maximum open circuit voltage = 100 Vdc)
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel)


Type 2: Using the 80 Wp SHARP NE-80E1U PV panels for a 160 Wp solar home system

Things to consider as follows:

  • SPT-XXYY (XX is nominal battery voltage, YY is maximum charge current)
  • Find out what is the nominal battery voltage that charge controller will charge, and select XX = 12
  • Find out what is the Wp of PV panel and
    • Select the suitable charge current (CC) = (160 Wp) / 12 = 13.33 A
    • Find out YY by multiply CC by safety factor (NEC requirement) = (13.33) x 1.2 = 16 A
    • Select the SOLARCON SPT-series model that cover YY value, SOLARCON SPT-1220
  • Check that Vpm(system) is in the range that SPT-XXYY can handle (MPPT voltage range)
    If PV
    • panels are in series, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) x Panel in series
      Vpm(system) = 17.1 x 2 = 34.2 Vdc
      (MPPT voltage range = 26-96 Vdc)
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel)
  • Check that Voc(system) is not more than SPT-XXYY range (Maximum open circuit voltage)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) x Panel in series
      Voc(system) = 21.3 x 2 = 42.6 Vdc
      (Maximum open circuit voltage = 100 Vdc)
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel)
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Example 3

When the BSC BS 40 PV panels are used for a 120 Wp solar home system (See specifications of PV panels in table 1)

Figure 10 Example of choosing a MPPT charge controller for a 120 Wp solar home system
by using 3 panels of 40 Wp Bangkok Solar BS 40 PV panels connected in parallel


Things to consider as follows:

  • SPT-XXYY (XX is nominal battery voltage, YY is maximum charge current)
  • Find out what is the nominal battery voltage that charge controller will charge, and select XX = 12
  • Find out what is the Wp of PV panel and
    • Select the suitable charge current (CC) = (120 Wp) / 12 = 10 A
    • Find out YY by multiply CC by safety factor (NEC requirement) = (10) x 1.2 = 12 A
    • Select the SOLARCON SPT-series model that cover YY value, SOLARCON SPT-1212
  • Check that Vpm(system) is in the range that SPT-XXYY can handle (MPPT voltage range)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) x Panel in series
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) = 44.8 Vdc
      (MPPT voltage range = 26-96 Vdc)
  • Check that Voc(system) is not more than SPT-XXYY range (Maximum open circuit voltage)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) x Panel in series
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) = 62.2 Vdc
      (Maximum open circuit voltage = 100 Vdc)
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Example 4

When the BSC BS 40 PV panels are used for a 800 Wp stand-alone solar system (See specifications of PV panels in table 1)

Type 1: For the 48 Vdc battery systems

Figure 11 Example of choosing a MPPT charge controller for a 800 Wp stand-alone solar system
by using 20 panels of 40 Wp Bangkok Solar BS 40 PV panels,
2 panels in series and 10 strings in parallel


Things to consider as follows:

  • SPT-XXYY (XX is nominal battery voltage, YY is maximum charge current)
  • Find out what is the nominal battery voltage that charge controller will charge, and select XX = 48
  • Find out what is the Wp of PV panel and
    • Select the suitable charge current (CC) = (800 Wp) / 48 = 16.67 A
    • Find out YY by multiply CC by safety factor (NEC requirement) = (16.67) x 1.2 = 20 A
    • Select the SOLARCON SPT-series model that cover YY value, SOLARCON SPT-4820
  • Check that Vpm(system) is in the range that SPT-XXYY can handle (MPPT voltage range)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) x Panel in series
      Vpm(system) = 44.8 x 2 = 89.6 Vdc
      (MPPT voltage range = 65-180 Vdc)
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel)
  • Check that Voc(system) is not more than SPT-XXYY range (Maximum open circuit voltage)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) x Panel in series
      Voc(system) = 62.2 x 2 = 124.4 Vdc
      (Maximum open circuit voltage = 200 Vdc)
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel)


Type 2: For the 24 Vdc battery systems

Figure 12 Example of choosing a MPPT charge controller for a 800 Wp stand-alone solar system
by using 20 panels of 40 Wp Bangkok Solar BS 40 PV panels,
10 panels in parallel for 2 sub arrays


Things to consider as follows:

  • SPT-XXYY (XX is nominal battery voltage, YY is maximum charge current)
  • Find out what is the nominal battery voltage that charge controller will charge, and select XX = 24
  • Find out what is the Wp of PV panel and
    • Select the suitable charge current (CC) = (800 Wp) / 24 = 33.33 A
    • Find out YY by multiply CC by safety factor (NEC requirement) = (33.33) x 1.2 = 40 A
    • Select the SOLARCON SPT-series model that cover YY value, SOLARCON SPT- SPT-2420 for 2 units
  • Check that Vpm(system) is in the range that SPT-XXYY can handle (MPPT voltage range)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) x Panel in series
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Vpm(system) = Vpm(panel) = 44.8 Vdc
      (MPPT voltage range = 26-96 Vdc)
  • Check that Voc(system) is not more than SPT-XXYY range (Maximum open circuit voltage)
    • If PV panels are in series, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) x Panel in series
    • If PV panels are in parallel, need to check that Voc(system) = Voc(panel) = 62.2 Vdc
      (Maximum open circuit voltage = 100 Vdc)
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