Power Quality
Basics of Electric Current — DC vs AC, Watts vs VA, Power Factor, and Why a UPS Is Rated in VA
September 6, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Direct current (DC) flows one way, from batteries and solar cells; alternating current (AC) reverses 50 times a second, from the utility. This guide explains the difference, how DC and AC power are calculated, RMS values, linear vs non-linear loads, watts vs volt-amperes, and power factor, with a measured PC example — an updated edition of the LEONICS "Basics of Current" guide.
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Solar PV
Basics of Solar Cells and Photovoltaic (PV) Modules — How a Solar Cell Works, Cell Types, and What Makes a PV System
September 6, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
A solar cell (PV cell) is a semiconductor device that turns sunlight directly into DC electricity. This guide explains how a cell works, the module types (mono, poly, thin-film), how cells become modules and arrays, what else a PV system needs, the advantages of solar, and where it is used — an updated edition of the LEONICS "Basics of Solar Cell" guide.
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Solar PV
How to Design a Solar PV System — Step-by-Step Sizing Guide for Modules, Inverter, Battery and Charge Controller, with a Worked Example
September 6, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Designing a solar PV system takes five steps: find the daily energy demand, size the modules, size the inverter, size the battery, and size the charge controller. This guide gives the formula for each step and works a complete example for a house with 450 Wp modules and an LFP battery — an updated edition of the LEONICS "How to Design Solar PV System" guide.
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Solar PV
Basics of MPPT Solar Charge Controllers — What MPPT Is, How It Works, MPPT vs PWM, and How to Size One
September 6, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is the algorithm in a charge controller that keeps a solar array at the voltage where it produces the most power, then converts that power to battery voltage with a DC-DC converter. This guide explains the I-V curve and maximum power point, buck and boost conversion, the gains over PWM, and how to size an MPPT controller from array Wp and battery voltage, with examples — an updated edition of the LEONICS "Basics of MPPT" guide.
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Solar + Storage
What Are BESS and ESS? Lithium (LiFePO4) Battery Energy Storage for Factories, Buildings and Solar Hybrid Systems
September 5, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
A BESS (Battery Energy Storage System), or ESS, combines lithium batteries, a power conversion system (PCS), a battery management system (BMS) and an energy management system (EMS) in one unit. This guide explains how a BESS works, how LiFePO4 compares with NMC and lead-acid, what it is used for, how it is sized, and shows real systems running in Thailand.
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Microgrid
What Is a Microgrid System and How Does It Work? Components, Types and Real Thai Examples
September 5, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
A microgrid is a small local power grid that puts generation (solar, wind, diesel), battery storage and loads under one controller, and can run either connected to the utility or on its own. This guide explains how it works, its five components, centralized vs decentralized types, and real microgrids running in Thailand.
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Residential Solar
Thailand's 2026 Net Billing Reopens — Sell Back at 2.20 THB + Tax Deduction: Is It Worth It, and How to Apply
July 24, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
On 1 July 2026 a new 500 MW round of residential solar buy-back opened via MEA/PEA — 2.20 THB/kWh for 10 years (up to 5 kW per meter), plus a tax deduction. Here's how net billing differs from net metering, whether it pays, and how to apply.
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Solar + Storage
100% Renewable Data Centers in Thailand — Combining Direct PPA + Solar + BESS for Hyperscale
July 22, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Thailand has become a hyperscale data-center destination with hundreds of billions of baht in investment, and nearly all of it needs 100% renewable power. One rooftop can't feed a massive 24/7 load — here's how Direct PPA + Solar + BESS combine, with the reliability critical loads demand.
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Solar + Storage
What is a Direct PPA? Thailand's 2,000 MW Pilot Starts With Data Centres
July 20, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
From January 2026, Thailand's 2,000 MW Direct PPA pilot lets qualifying users buy renewable electricity directly from generators over the state grid (Third Party Access) — the first liberalization of the power market. This first round is limited to BOI-promoted data centres with an IT base load of at least 50 MW. Here's how it works, who qualifies, and how to prepare.
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Solar + Storage
Keep Your EU Exports CBAM-Ready — Onsite Solar + Verifiable Carbon Reporting for Exporters
July 18, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
From 1 Jan 2026 the EU's CBAM entered its definitive phase, affecting Thai steel, aluminium and cement exporters. Onsite solar cuts verifiable Scope 2 emissions with audit-ready reporting — here's how to prepare, plus the carbon-credit upside.
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Solar + Storage
Earn Extra Income from Factory Solar with Carbon Credits (T-VER) — How Much, and How to Register
July 16, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Solar doesn't just save on electricity — Thailand's T-VER programme lets qualifying renewable projects register and sell carbon credits as a second income stream. TGO's 2026 survey puts most seller asks at 50–200 THB/tCO₂e against buyers who often want under 50. Here's how it works, the ballpark numbers, the registration steps, and the caveats.
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Solar + Storage
Zero-Investment Factory Solar — How a Solar PPA / BOO Works, and When It Beats Buying Outright
July 14, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Want lower bills from solar without a large up-front investment? A Solar PPA / BOO lets a developer fund, install, and operate the system on your factory roof while you pay only for the power it produces, at a rate below the grid. Here's how it compares to buying outright, and what to check in the contract.
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Solar + Storage
Investing in a Solar Farm / IPP — From Feasibility to PPA and Grid Connection
July 12, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Thailand's draft PDP 2024 targets a 51% renewable share of generation capacity by 2037, and the new Direct PPA scheme widens the routes to sell that power. This article walks through the development journey — feasibility, land and grid, offtake/PPA, construction, and operation.
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Solar + Storage
Floating Solar — Turn a Factory's Pond or Reservoir into a Power Source, Without Using Land
July 10, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Many factories have ponds, reservoirs, or treatment basins sitting idle. Floating solar turns that water surface into electricity without using any land — and the panels run cooler, so they generate more. Here's how it works, where it fits, and the design factors that matter.
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Solar + Storage
How Big a Battery Does Your Factory Need? A Guide to BESS Sizing and ROI
July 8, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
"How big a battery should I install?" can't be answered from factory size. The right size depends on the goal (cut demand charge / self-consumption / backup / arbitrage) and the real load profile. This guide explains kW vs kWh, the ROI drivers, and how to avoid over- or under-sizing.
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Telecom
Telecom Tower Solar Hybrid Power (BTS) — Cut Diesel OPEX, 24/7 Off-grid Uptime
July 6, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Off-grid telecom towers run diesel 24/7 — expensive, hard to service, and downtime breaches the SLA. A Solar + LFP + Diesel hybrid cuts OPEX and protects uptime. Here's how, with a real 134-site project.
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Healthcare
Hospital Backup Power — Solar + Battery + Generator for Zero-Downtime Critical Loads
July 5, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Hospitals cannot lose power — operating theatres, ICU, and vaccine fridges can't tolerate even a second. Gensets alone have a transfer delay. Here's how Solar + Battery + Generator delivers seamless backup, with a real project.
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Microgrid
Off-grid Solar for Island Resorts & Remote Villages — Cut Diesel, Power 24/7
July 4, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Island resorts and remote villages run 100% on diesel gensets — costly, noisy, polluting. A Solar Hybrid Microgrid delivers clean 24/7 power and cuts diesel by up to 60%. Here's how, with real projects worldwide.
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Residential Solar
Home Solar Rooftop — Payback Period, Do You Need a Battery? (2026 Homeowner Guide)
July 3, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Thinking about home solar but unsure of the payback, whether you need a battery, or what size fits? This guide covers sizing, batteries, roof safety, and real payback — with real installed homes.
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Solar + Storage
Solar Rooftop for Schools & Universities — Why Campuses Get the Fastest Payback
July 2, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Schools and universities consume most of their power during the day — exactly when solar generates — so rooftop solar pays back fast, often with no battery needed. Here's how it works, the payback, and real projects.
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Solar + Storage
How to Reduce a Factory's Demand Charge — Peak Shaving with BESS + AI
July 1, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Demand Charge is billed on the single highest 15-minute peak of the month — solar alone can't cut it. Here's how BESS + AI peak shaving reduces it 15-25%, with a worked simulation.
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Modular PCS
What is Modular PCS? Why It's the Future of Energy Storage
April 28, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Modular String Power Conversion Systems are transforming BESS design — Hot-swappable, N+1 Redundancy, Built-in AI — why Utility and C&I customers choose them.
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GridMind AI
GridMind AI — AI-Managed Energy: a Modeled 15-30% Saving
April 22, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
AI Energy Management Platform that forecasts load + solar, dispatches BESS by real TOU tariffs, and auto-generates Carbon Reports — with a modeled example of 15-30% savings.
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Solar PV
PV DC Coupling vs AC Coupling — Which Should You Choose?
April 8, 2026 · LEONICS Engineering Team
Designing Solar + Battery systems offers two approaches — DC Coupling and AC Coupling. Compare efficiency, cost, and suitability with real numbers.
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